C++

C++ is an object-oriented programming language. Like C, it provides finer control of memory and is closer to hardware than many other languages.

Key concepts

• Data types
  • Type cast (static_cast, reinterpret_cast, const_cast, dynamic_cast)
  • typedef
  • struct (struct)
  • Templates and containers
    • Standard Template Library
      • Vector (C++)
      • Sets
      • Hash table
      • Dictionary
      • Linked list
• Qualifiers
  • Type qualifier
    • const (const)
    • volatile (volatile)
  • Storage-class specifier (static)
  • Attribute
• Object-oriented constructs
  • Constructor
    • Copy constructor
  • Operator overloading
  • Access modifier (public, private, protected)
  • Stream
    • iostream
    • Stringstream
  • Exception handling
• Functional constructs
  • Iterator
  • Anonymous function
• Memory-accesses
  • Pointer
    • Reference (&)
    • Unique pointer (unique_ptr)
    • Shared pointer (shared_ptr)
  • Heap allocation (new, delete)

Over the years

• Constructs over the years
  • C++11
    • Type inference (auto)
    • Standard Template Library
    • Constant expressions (constexpr)
    • Compile-time assertion (static_assert)
    • Lambda functions and closures
    • Explicit overrides (override, final)
    • nullptr (nullptr, std::nullptr_t)
    • Scoped enums (enum class)
  • C++17
    • String views (std::string_view)
    • Return value optimisation (RVO) mandated for prvalues
  • C++20
    • Coroutine (co_await, co_return, co_yield)
    • Concept (concept, requires)
  • C++26
    • Static reflection
    • Contract assertion (contract_assert, pre, post)

Resources

• Problem Solving with C++, by Walter J. Savitch
• The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List on StackOverflow

See also

• ECE244 — Programming Fundamentals
• ECE297 — Software Design and Communication
• ECE467 — Compilers and Interpreters